LANGUAGE & LITERATURE

"CLUSTERING" IN PRE-WRITING STAGE       ✅ In the Pre-writing section of process approach to writing , "Clustering" is a technique of gathering the content in order to collect information on a particular topic . It is a mappings of points related to the topic based on collected information . Elaborately , this method involves the drawing of a mind-map where thoughts and ideas can be put down in the form of a diagram to identify the main points that could be included in the essay or article . As well as allowing to explore many ideas , clustering helps us arrange manageable points as well as organise them in a diagram shape before writing the draft . An example of clustering has been sketched below : 

A SUMMARY OF G.KALYANA RAO'S  "UNTOUCHABLE SPRING"         ✅ G.Kalyana Rao , one of the most famous Indian novelists , is such a personality that believes in revolutionary ideology . In the history of Dalit literature , the first and foremost novel that illuminates inhumanity , exploitation and suppression done upon Dalit people who undergo several misfortunes and spare very tough times , strongly holding their generation is " Untouchable Spring " ( originally "Antaryani Basantam" in Telugu ) by G.Kalyana Rao . The novel was first published in 2000 . He , through this novel , has penned and pictured a portrait of the real societal atrocities and brutalities . It is a historiographical testimony of a Dalit experience , a Dalit Christian experience that explores a prolonged struggle , suffering and pain . It has to be mentioned that "Untouchable Spring" is a memory text . Ruth , a key character of this novel , is a storyteller here .        ...

  BRAINSTORMING IN PREWRITING STAGE   ✅ In the Pre-writing section of process approach to writing , "Brainstorming" is a technique through which one has to use his/her own thought or creativity to spark innovative ideas related to some particular topic . It not only allows to utilise one's intellectual activity , but also helps one use free-thinking and personal views . Elaborately speaking , "Brainstorming" refers to jotting down any ideas that come to mind related to the topic . These ideas or concepts do not necessarily have to follow a logical sequence . The following is a list of points from a brainstorming session on the topic " Manners Maketh Man " :  ‌• Culture ‌• Respect and cause for dislike ‌• Social standing ‌• common courtesies ‌• build cordial relationship and healthy environments  ‌• Etiquette aids success A QUOTE  ON BRAINSTORMING   ✅ “If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange these apples then you and I will still have ...

  [] Write a note on the essay ‘Freedom’ by Bernard Shaw. Answer:👇           Bernard Shaw is a versatile genius. He is famous for his work in satirical literature. In this essay ‘Freedom’, he talks about the concept of freedom, and how it has been meant by men through the ages. Actually he wrote this essay for a radio lecture. It is a reflective essay; it falls in the category of expository type.        In this essay, he wants to inform us that man is actually a slave. He makes us understand this thing step by step with logical help. Though he uses some exaggeration and overstatement, he uses them only for fun and irony.  To him, men is a slave of necessities. To him, there are two types of slave. One is the slave to Nature, and the other is a slave to man. He prefers a slave of Nature to the slave of man. In addition to his own statement, he makes his statement strong,reasonable and supportive by taking the quotes of famous philo...

SUMMARY OF HARD TIMES OF CHARLES DICKENS        One of the most precious novels of Victorian era is HARD TIMES written by Charles Dickens.The setting is Coketown, an industrial community in the north of England, and the main plot concerns one of its leading Citizens, Mr Thomas Gradgrind, and his family. Gradgrind is a convinced advocate of the utilitarian philosophy of 'fact', and has brought up his children  on this principle as well as spreading it more widely through a school that he has established. The story concerns the fates of his two eldest children, Tom and Louisa, and, to a lesser extent, of two of the pupils at the school , Sissy Jupe and Bitzer. As a result of their imagination and sense of beauty being starved throughout childhood, Tom and Louisa grow up to be bored and discontented, and in different ways their lives come to disaster. Tom robs the bank at which he works and has to flee the country; Louisa makes an unhappy marriage with Josiah Bound...

Why was the Krishna car festival so much attractive to the boys In Kishorganj My Birthplace? Answer:-           The annual Krishna car festival on the other riverbank was very attractive to the boys. They all waited for this occasion with high expectations. They were not allowed to visit there according to their free will. They could only visit there if an older one accompanied them. In the fair, the Krishna car was drawn by the devotees. The seniors had a fear that the little boys might run over the car when it was drawn at a cruel speed. But they were sent there by a servant. They were also allowed some amount of money to see it and buy playthings. Almost all boys bought Bengali dolls which were famous to them with the name ‘Spoilt Baby’.It was a bright pink or a flaming scarlet model. The middle of the doll had a special indication which clearly showed its spoiling feature. When it was sold, it was given a touch with a varnished brush so that it should look...

SSC MTS & Havaldar (CBIC & CBN) Notification 2023 Out | MTS Recruitment 2023 | SSC Recruitment 2023 |         Finally, SSC MTS & Havaldar (CBIC & CBN) Notification 2023 is released. The details of the recruitment notification from pdf is discussed below 👇⬇️.       The Staff Selection Commission will hold a competitive examination for recruitment of Multi-Tasking (Non-Technical) Staff (in Pay Level-1 as per Pay Matrix of 7th Pay Commission), a General Central Service Group C Non-Gazetted, Non-Ministerial post in various Ministries/Departments/ Offices of the Government of India and various Constitutional Bodies/ Statutory Bodies/ Tribunals, etc., in different States/ Union Territories and Havaldar (in Pay Level-1 as per Pay Matrix of 7th Pay Commission), a General Central Service Group „C‟ Non-Gazetted, Non- Ministerial post in Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) and Central Bureau of Narcotics (CBN) under Department of...

"TOBA TEK SINGH"  BY GULZAR  Image       Gulzar , besides being a writer and a poet , is a veteran filmmaker as well as a lyricist . Among many of his writings , Toba Tek Singh is a poem which refers to the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947 . The poem comprises two major sections found according to the subject matter of this poem : the first one presents a preliminary sketch of Bishan Singh , and the rest contains the main idea of the poet . First of all , it has to be mentioned that the poem Toba Tek Singh is , to a great extent , Gulzar's first emotional response to Sadat Hossain Manto's Toba Tek Singh . In the introductory part of the poem , we find that the poet feels a need or must to meet Bishan Singh at Wagha border where Manto has terminated his story, to tell him that , as an impact of the partition , the horrific ongoing events still continue . But , there his mental agony is literally revealed by his swollen feet and by his facial expression whi...

✅ পরিবেশবিদ্যা (Environmental Studies) কী ? ✳️ উত্তর:-  🏡 প্রকৃতির সমস্ত দান মিলেমিশে একসঙ্গে তৈরি হয়েছে পরিবেশ । তাই পাহাড়, নদী, বন, জঙ্গল, কীট, পতঙ্গ, জল, মাটি, জীব, জন্তু, মানুষ ইত্যাদি সবাইকে নিয়েই পৃথিবীর এই পরিবেশ গড়ে উঠতে সময় লেগেছে প্রায় 500 কোটি বছর এবং মানুষ এসেছে আজ থেকে প্রায় কুড়ি লক্ষ বছর , কিন্তু মানুষ বুদ্ধিমান প্রাণী । তাই অল্প সময়ের মধ্যেই সে জ্ঞান বিজ্ঞানে উন্নত হয়ে পরিবেশকে নিয়ন্ত্রণ করতে শুরু করেছে এবং তার ফল হয়েছে কিছু ভালো কিছু মন্দ । সুতরাং পরিবেশকে ভালোবাসলে আপন করে নিলে পরিবেশ বিদ্যা পাঠ করে পরিবেশ সম্পর্কে সাবধান হলে এই মন্দ প্রভাব সহজে কাটিয়ে ওঠা যাবে। সুতরাং চাই পরিবেশ সচেতনতা , পরিবেশবান্ধব পরিস্থিতির এক সুস্থায়ী উন্নয়ন যাতে করে এক সার্বিক সচেতনতা বিশেষ করে পরিবেশ সংক্রান্ত সচেতনতা গড়ে তোলা যায় এবং মানুষকে সচেতন করা যায় , সাথে পরিবেশকে সুষ্ঠভাবে রক্ষা করা যায় । যাই হোক , এবার আসা যাক পরিবেশবিদ্যা সংক্রান্ত সংজ্ঞায় ।       প্রথমেই বলতে হয় পরিবেশ অর্থে "এনভায়রনমেন্ট" এবং বিদ্যা অর্থে "স্টাডিজ"। সুতরাং পরিবেশ বিদ্...

✅ পরিবেশবিদ্যা কি বহুমাত্রিক বা মাল্টিডাইমেনশনাল বিষয় ? ✳️ উত্তর:- পাহাড়, নদী, বন, জঙ্গল, কিট, পতঙ্গ, জল, মাটি, জীবজন্তু, মানুষ সবাইকে নিয়ে পৃথিবীর এই পরিবেশ গড়ে উঠতে সময় লেগেছে প্রায় 500 কোটি বছর । সুতরাং, এইসব নিয়ে বিস্তারিত চর্চায় হচ্ছে পরিবেশ বিদ্যা বা environmental studies . সংজ্ঞা হিসেবে বলা যায় যে, পরিবেশ বিদ্যা হলো বিজ্ঞানের সেই শাখা যে শাখায় ভৌত বা প্রাকৃতিক পরিবেশ অর্থাৎ ফিজিক্যাল এনভারমেন্ট, জীবজ পরিবেশ অর্থাৎ বায়োটিক এনভারমেন্ট এবং সামাজিক পরিবেশের অর্থাৎ সোশ্যাল এনভারমেন্টের বৈশিষ্ট্য, পারস্পরিক সম্পর্ক ও প্রভাবের ভিত্তিতে সমগ্র পরিবেশের প্রকৃতি, বৈশিষ্ট্য, সমস্যা ও তার সমাধানের বিষয়ে পঠন-পাঠন  করা হয়।  পরিবেশ বিদ্যা তার প্রকৃতি ও বিষয়বস্তু অনুসারে বহুমাত্রিক বা মাল্টি ডাইমেনশনাল বিষয় কারণ পরিবেশবিদ্যার চর্চা আইন, বিজ্ঞান, দর্শন, অর্থনীতি ইত্যাদি বিষয়গুলি থেকে আহরিত তথ্য ব্যাখ্যা বিশ্লেষণ এর ওপর নির্ভরশীল ।‌‌এগুলি বিস্তারিতভাবে নিম্নে  আলোচনা করা হলো  ---⬇️ ১) আইন ও পরিবেশবিদ্যার মধ্যে সম্পর্ক :-     এক্ষেত্রে উভয়ের মধ্যে সম্প...

Computer Invention ✳️And  Evolution✳️ 🖥️⌨️🖱️💻       Although a new invention in computer science, it has a long history behind it. The computer was invented as a result of the contributions of many people over a long period of time. A mass machine that could perform summation was first discovered by Pascal in 1642. Shortly thereafter, in 1671, God Friday invented the first mechanical calculator that could multiply and divide. In this way, after many ups and downs, the computer came into the hands of the British mathematician Charles Babbage and became modern. So Charles Babbage is called the father of modern computer. He was the first to discover the structure of a modern computer in five parts in 1833.        Babbage built computers out of metal parts. But due to the non-production of precision parts at that time, he could not give the complete form of a modern computer. But the computers we use today are built on Babbage's architecture. Charl...

The Role of Computer in  Modern Life Paragraph 🖥️⌨️🖱️               💻    Computer is one of the amazing inventions of modern science. A silent technology revolution has taken place around this device. The waves of this revolution hit Bangladesh. Therefore, the use of computers in this country is becoming more and more widespread, computerized business is expanding. According to the needs of the age, computer education has expanded in this country. Ample opportunities for computer education and training have been created at both the public and private levels. We should be interested in computer education in the light of necessity and reality. Today we cannot even think of national development without the spread of quality computer education. ✳️Introduction to computers:-           The word 'Computer' is derived from the Greek word 'Compute'. The literal meaning of which is - calculator or calculating device. A...

Write a Paragraph on a Journey by Train || Paragraph on a Train Journey || A Train Journey ....  HINTS:- Introduction - when you undertook the journey - who accompanied you - your distination - your experience inside the train - your joy and excitement.          I always enjoy a train journey far more than any other mode of journey. Recently I undertook a wonderful train journey. My parents and I were to travel to Delhi by the Rajdhani Express. We teached Howrah station at 7 a.m. Then we unhurriedly boarded the train. Slowly the other passengers of our compartment got in. As always, I sat next to a window. I was very much excited. At 8 a.m sharp the Rajdhani Express left Howrah. Our train started increasing its speed. Never before did I journey in a superfast express. Naturally I was enjoying every second while my body was swaying with the jerking of the train. I often looked out of the window. I saw so many things - fields, trees, markets, buildings, etc....

  ▀▄▀▄ 𝘎𝘖𝘛𝘏𝘐𝘊 𝘕𝘖𝘝𝘌𝘓 & 𝘐𝘛'𝘚 𝘊𝘏𝘈𝘙𝘈𝘊𝘛𝘌𝘙𝘐𝘚𝘛𝘐𝘊𝘚 ▄▀▄ ▀            In the most general terms, Gothic literature can be defined as writing that employs dark and picturesque scenery, startling and melodramatic narrative devices, and an overall atmosphere of exoticism, mystery, fear, and dread. Often, a Gothic novel or story revolves around a large, ancient house that conceals a terrible secret or serves as the refuge of an especially frightening and threatening character. Despite the fairly common use of this bleak motif, Gothic writers have also used supernatural elements, touches of romance, well-known historical characters, and travel and adventure narratives to entertain their readers. The type is a subgenre of Romantic literature—that's Romantic period, not romance novels with breathless lovers with wind-swept hair on their paperback covers—and much fiction today stems from it. The descriptions that frequently appear in man...